Pesticide Use Knowledge among Vegetable Growers in Bangladesh: Implications for Sustainable Agriculture, Farmer Health, and Environmental Integrity

Abstract

In Bangladesh, pesticides are frequently used in vegetable production to control pests and diseases with little consideration of  their impact on the environment and human health, and their use remains largely  uncontrolled despite the existence of several pesticide control rules and regulations. Against this backdrop, the study examined traditional practices, knowledge, behavior, and propensity for pesticide usage, as well as the impact of these chemicals on farmers' health and the environment. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) in the study villages. The health impact was illustrated through graphical presentations generated using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), while a likelihood ratio test was used to examine links between health problems and factors such as pesticide use frequency, training level, education, and protective coverings. Results indicate that 60% of farmers apply pesticides, insecticides, and fungicides daily or weekly without necessary protective measures, and 68% rely on personal experience and fellow farmers' advice rather than Bangladesh guidelines. Harvesting often occurs within 2-5 days of pesticide application, especially for vegetables like long beans and eggplant, leading to health issues including gastric problems, headaches, nausea, skin problems, and diarrhea. Over-pesticide use also adversely affects the environment, depleting soil fertility and contaminating water. Addressing these challenges requires strengthening farmer training and awareness programs, including community-based initiatives such as Uthan Boithok, and promoting organic and sustainable farming practices that encourage the safe use of pesticides while safeguarding both farmer health and the environment.